A Taxonomy for Navigating the Global Landscape of AI Regulation
Classifies frameworks as ex ante (preventive) or ex post (reactive) governance models.
Identifies whether regulations target specific applications or underlying AI technologies.
Examines monitoring mechanisms from centralized agencies to decentralized models.
Assesses inclusion of civil society, industry, and experts in legislative processes.
Evaluates alignment with global frameworks like OECD AI principles.
Measures advancement of a jurisdiction's digital regulatory landscape.
Jurisdiction | Approach | Focus | Enforcement | Status | Maturity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Ex Ante | Hybrid | Centralized | Adopted |
|
|
Mixed | Technology | Decentralized | Revoked |
|
|
Ex Ante | Technology | Centralized | Adopted |
|
|
Ex Ante | Hybrid | Centralized | Stalled |
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|
Ex Ante | Hybrid | Decentralized | Pending |
|
General Data Protection Regulation sets foundation for digital rights in Europe.
First comprehensive AI regulation framework introduced by European Commission.
ChatGPT and other GenAI tools prompt global regulatory responses.
World's first comprehensive AI law finalized after 3 years of negotiations.
Countries worldwide begin implementing AI regulations based on early frameworks.
The global AI regulatory landscape is highly fragmented with divergent approaches between jurisdictions. The EU favors comprehensive horizontal regulation, while the US relies on sectoral laws and executive orders.
Most frameworks emphasize ex ante (preventive) measures over ex post (reactive) approaches. China and the EU lead in stringent pre-market requirements, while the US maintains more ex post liability mechanisms.
Stakeholder participation remains uneven, with industry representation often outweighing civil society. Brazil shows promising inclusion models but risks of regulatory capture persist globally.
Regulatory focus splits between technology-centric (US, China) and application-centric (EU) approaches. Hybrid models are emerging to address both foundational models and high-risk use cases.
Unified Defense of the Cognitive and Physical Domains
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