Comparing Apples to Oranges

A Taxonomy for Navigating the Global Landscape of AI Regulation

AI Regulation Taxonomy

Regulatory Approach

Classifies frameworks as ex ante (preventive) or ex post (reactive) governance models.

Ex Post Ex Ante

Regulatory Focus

Identifies whether regulations target specific applications or underlying AI technologies.

Technology Application Hybrid

Enforcement

Examines monitoring mechanisms from centralized agencies to decentralized models.

Centralized vs Decentralized

Stakeholder Participation

Assesses inclusion of civil society, industry, and experts in legislative processes.

International Cooperation

Evaluates alignment with global frameworks like OECD AI principles.

Legal Maturity

Measures advancement of a jurisdiction's digital regulatory landscape.

Global AI Regulation Comparison

Jurisdiction Approach Focus Enforcement Status Maturity
European Union
Ex Ante Hybrid Centralized Adopted
High
United States
Mixed Technology Decentralized Revoked
Low
China
Ex Ante Technology Centralized Adopted
High
Canada
Ex Ante Hybrid Centralized Stalled
Medium
Brazil
Ex Ante Hybrid Decentralized Pending
Medium

Regulatory Dimensions Comparison

AI Regulation Timeline

2016

EU GDPR Adopted

General Data Protection Regulation sets foundation for digital rights in Europe.

2021

EU AI Act Proposed

First comprehensive AI regulation framework introduced by European Commission.

2023

Generative AI Boom

ChatGPT and other GenAI tools prompt global regulatory responses.

2024

EU AI Act Adopted

World's first comprehensive AI law finalized after 3 years of negotiations.

2025

Global Implementation

Countries worldwide begin implementing AI regulations based on early frameworks.

Key Findings & Analysis

Fragmented Landscape

The global AI regulatory landscape is highly fragmented with divergent approaches between jurisdictions. The EU favors comprehensive horizontal regulation, while the US relies on sectoral laws and executive orders.

Horizontal Sectoral

Ex Ante Dominance

Most frameworks emphasize ex ante (preventive) measures over ex post (reactive) approaches. China and the EU lead in stringent pre-market requirements, while the US maintains more ex post liability mechanisms.

Ex Post Ex Ante

Participation Gaps

Stakeholder participation remains uneven, with industry representation often outweighing civil society. Brazil shows promising inclusion models but risks of regulatory capture persist globally.

Civil Society
Industry

Tech vs Application

Regulatory focus splits between technology-centric (US, China) and application-centric (EU) approaches. Hybrid models are emerging to address both foundational models and high-risk use cases.

Technology
Application
Hybrid

Regulatory Maturity vs Enforcement Strength

ARTIFEX LABS STRATEGIC DOCTRINE

15.0

THE META-BLUEPRINT

Unified Defense of the Cognitive and Physical Domains

The Cognitive Battlespace

Modern conflicts target the nexus of hardware, software, and human cognition. Adversaries exploit this to manipulate decision-making at scale.

Wetware Epistemic Economic

Metacognitive Sovereignty

The ability to understand one's own cognitive processes and deliberately engage analytical thinking - the ultimate defense against cognitive attacks.

FORETELLS Framework

The analytical engine that systematizes human intuition enhanced by AI, using Reflexive Bayesian Networks and Multi-Dimensional Harm Ontology.

Active Development

Original Synthesis

The uniquely human ability to infer implicit principles from ambiguous data - the core skill that AI cannot replicate in cognitive warfare.

LLM Security Vulnerabilities

01

Prompt Injection

A Prompt Injection Vulnerability occurs when user prompts alter the intended operation of the LLM...

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02

Sensitive Information Disclosure

Sensitive information can affect both the LLM and its application...

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03

Supply Chain

LLM supply chains are susceptible to various vulnerabilities, which can...

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04

Data and Model Poisoning

Data poisoning occurs when pre-training, fine-tuning, or embedding data is...

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05

Improper Output Handling

Refers specifically to insufficient validation, sanitization, and...

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06

Excessive Agency

An LLM-based system is often granted a degree of agency...

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07

System Prompt Leakage

Refers to the vulnerability where system prompts are exposed...

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08

Vector and Embedding Weaknesses

Present significant security risks in systems...

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09

Misinformation

Poses a core vulnerability for applications relying...

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10

Unbounded Consumption

Refers to the process where a Large Language Model...

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Cognitive Operations Framework

Adversarial Pantheon

The Patient Strategist (PRC)

Doctrine of Comprehensive National Power

The Chaos Architect (Russia)

Doctrine of Reflexive Control

The Asymmetric Disruptor (Iran)

Doctrine of Asymmetric Deterrence

The Survivor (DPRK)

Doctrine of Survival and Coercive Asymmetry

🧠

Cognitive Attack Vectors

  • Behavioral Deepfakes
  • Confidence Cascade Attacks
  • Weaponized Affective Neuroscience
🛡️

Defensive Protocols

  • Cognitive Security Operations Center (CSOC)
  • Deception Garden Infrastructure
  • 12-Week Original Synthesis Curriculum

Operational Reality

  • AI guarding nuclear assets (96% accuracy)
  • Gov-GPT prototypes in DoD networks
  • DARPA's NGMM program advancing chip sovereignty

The Cognitive Threat Landscape

The New Frontline is the Human Mind

Modern conflicts target the nexus of hardware, software, and human cognition (wetware). Adversaries exploit this to manipulate decision-making.

⚙️

Hardware

Control over semiconductor supply chains and computational infrastructure enables power projection.

🧠

Wetware

Influence operations exploit cognitive biases to erode trust and manipulate behavior.

💻

Software

AI-driven systems orchestrate everything from lethal autonomy to hyper-personalized disinformation.

AI's Dual-Use Impact on Security

Hyper-Personalized Phishing

LLMs create convincing, tailored emails reducing spear phishing costs by 99% at scale.

Adaptive Malware

Self-learning malware changes its code dynamically to evade detection.

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